Chest tubes are primarily indicated for conditions such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural effusion, and empyema, where air, blood, or fluid needs to be drained from the pleural space to restore normal lung function. They are typically inserted by thoracic surgeons, emergency physicians, or respirologists, often under sterile conditions and with imaging guidance if needed.
Once inserted, chest tubes require careful monitoring to ensure proper function and to detect any complications. This includes tracking the amount and type of drainage, observing for air leaks, and ensuring that the tube remains securely in place. Regular assessments of the patient's respiratory status and chest imaging (e.g., chest radiographs) are also essential.
Chest tube systems have adjustable settings, such as suction levels, which are usually set according to the clinical need, commonly at -20 cmH2O of suction pressure.